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| List of
quantities measured by the SMEAR II facility.Size distribution of aerosols
gives a number concentration of particles having diameters in the certain
diameter range.CNC is the Condensational Particle Counter and DMPS is the
Differential Mobility Particle Sizer (see Section Aerosol Measurements). The
set-ups operating properly only in the summer are indicated (§). |
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Comments by VH et al. |
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| QUANTITY |
METHOD |
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| MAST (73 m) |
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| Temperature (4.2, 8.4, 16.8,
33.6, 50.4 and 67.2 m) |
Ventilated and shielded
sensor (Pt-100) |
|
| Wind speed (4.2, 8.4, 16.8,
33.6, 50.4 and 67.2 m) |
Vector A101M/L cup anemometer |
until 4.9.2003 |
|
| Wind speed (33.6 m) |
Vector A101M/L cup anemometer |
since 5.9.2003 |
|
| Wind direction (16.8, 33.6 and
50.4 m) |
Vector W200P wind vane |
until 4.9.2003 |
|
| Wind speed and direction (8.4,
16.8, 33.6 and 74 m) |
Thies Ultrasonic Anemometer 2D |
since 5.9.2003 |
|
| Reflected global radiation (70
m) |
Reemann TP 3
pyranometer, range 300 - 4800 nm |
|
| Reflected PAR (70 m) |
Li-Cor LI -190SZ
quantum sensor, range 400 - 700 nm |
|
| Net radiation (70 m) |
Reemann MB 1 pyranometer, range
300 - 400 nm |
|
| O3 concentration (six heights) |
Teflon pipes
and gas analyser (TEI 49C, UV absorbtion) |
|
| SO2 concentration (six heights) |
Teflon
pipes and gas analyser (TEI 43C, UV fluorescence) |
|
| NOx concentration (six heights) |
Teflon
pipes and gas analyser (TEI 42CTL, chemilumunescence) |
|
| NO concentration (six heights) |
Teflon
pipes and gas analyser (TEI 42CTL, chemilumunescence) |
|
| H2O concentration (six heights) |
Teflon
pipes and gas analyser (URAS 4, infra red absorbtion) |
|
| CO2 concentration (six heights) |
Teflon
pipes and gas analyser (URAS 4, infra red absorbtion) |
|
| CO concentration (16.8 m) |
Teflon
pipes and gas analyser (Horiba APMA 360, infra red absorbtion) |
|
| Dew point temperature (23 m) |
General Eastern Hygro E4 chilled
mirror dew point monitor |
|
| Ambient pressure (0 m) |
Druck DPI 260 barometer |
|
| Flux of momentum and heat
(Eddy Covariance ; 46 m) |
Ultrasonic anemometer (Solent
1012R2) |
measurements terminated 28.6.2002 |
|
| Flux of momentum and heat
(Eddy Covariance ; 23 m) |
Ultrasonic anemometer (Solent
1012R2) |
|
| Flux of
CO2 and H2O (Eddy Covariance; 46
m) |
High
frequency gas analyser (Li-Cor 6262, infra red absorbtion) |
measurements terminated 28.6.2002 |
|
| Flux of
CO2 and H2O (Eddy Covariance; 23
m) |
High
frequency gas analyser (Li-Cor 6262, infra red absorbtion) |
|
| Total
number concentration flux of aerosol particles |
Eddy covariance + Condensation
Particle Counter (CPC) |
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| TOWER (18 m) |
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| Flux of
momentum and heat (Eddy Covariance; 23 m) |
Ultrasonic anemometer (Solent
HS1199) |
Started 2.8.2001 |
|
| Flux of
CO2 and H2O (Eddy Covariance; 23
m) |
High
frequency gas analyser (Li-Cor 6262, infrared absorbtion) |
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| Flux of
O3 ; 23 m) |
High
frequency gas analyser (LOZ-3, chemiluminescence) |
|
| Size
segregating number concentration flux of aerosol particles |
Relaxed Eddy Accumulation method
(REA) + Differential Mobility Particle Sizer (DMPS) |
Since 11.10.2001 |
|
| UV-A (18 m) |
Solar SL 501A
pyranometer, range 320 - 400 nm |
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| UV-B (18 m) |
Solar SL 501A
pyranometer, range 280 - 320 nm |
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| Diffuse
radiation (18 m) |
Reemann TP 3
pyranometer, range 300 - 4800 nm |
Started at 15.3.2000 |
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| Global
radiation (18 m) |
Reemann TP 3
pyranometer, range 300 - 4800 nm |
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| PAR (18 m) |
Li-Cor LI -190SZ
quantum sensor, range 400 - 700 nm |
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| Rain (18 m) (§) |
Vector ARG-100 tipping bucket
rain gauge |
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| Surface Wetness Sensor (18 m)
(§) |
Vaisala DRD 11-A raindetector |
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| Rain/Snow sampler
(summer/winter) |
Sampling with bottles/buckets |
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| Visibility, precipitation,
temperature (17 m) |
Vaisala FD12P Weather sensor |
Started at 5.4.2005 |
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| Burkard bio aerosol sampler
(§) |
Continuous sampling, (impactor) |
Sampling started at 12.9.2002 |
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| Eddy Subcanopy (3 m) |
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| Flux of
momentum and heat (Eddy Covariance; 3/11 m) |
Ultrasonic anemometer (Solent
1012R2) |
Started at 1.8.2003 and
terminated 29.9.2006. Sampling level changed from 3 m to 11 m 2.6.2005. |
| Flux of
CO2 and H2O (Eddy Covariance; 3/11
m) |
High
frequency gas analyser (Li-Cor 6262, infrared absorbtion) |
|
| Flux of
momentum and heat (Eddy Covariance; 3 m) |
Ultrasonic anemometer (Metek) |
Started at 13.10.2003 |
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| Flux of
CO2 and H2O (Eddy Covariance; 3 m) |
High
frequency gas analyser (Li-Cor 7000, infrared absorbtion) |
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| Air ion spectrometers |
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| Air ion mobility distribution
(2.37 - 0.00134 cm^2/Vs) |
Air Ion Spectrometer (AIS) |
21.3.2003 -
11.4.2004, 11.8.2004-> Transferred
to a new cabin at 8.10.2004 |
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| Air ion
mobility distribution (3.16 - 0.0032 cm^2/Vs) |
Balanced Scanning Mobility
Analyzer (BSMA) |
Began at 23.3.2003 |
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| TGA100 Trace Gas Analyzer |
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| Flux of
momentum and heat (Eddy Covariance; 2.7 m) |
Ultrasonic anemometer (Metek) |
Not anymore, terminated at spring 2003 |
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| Flux of
CH4 and N2O (c. 2.7 m) |
TGA100 (infrared absorption,
tunable diode laser) |
Not anymore, terminated at spring 2003 |
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| TOWER (15 m) |
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| Exchange
of five gases (NO, NOx, O3, CO2, H2O) by shoots (various levels) |
Closing cuvettes, teflon tubes
and gas analyzers |
3 branch cuvettes, 2 stem
cuvettes + 1 empty cuvette |
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| PAR distribution in the
cuvette (various levels) |
800 PAR
sensors |
The last period was 26.3.2004 - 19.10.2004 |
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| Cuvette temperature (various
levels) |
Thermoelement |
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| Sapflow (various levels) (§) |
Stem heat balance (Dynamax) |
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| Diameter changes (various
levels) |
Solartron sensors |
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| Circumference changes (various
levels) |
ELPA
sensor |
Not anymore |
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| Shoot and needle growth
(various levels) |
Potentiometric sensor (KFIRAOS) |
Not anymore |
|
| Bole temperature (various
levels) |
Thermoelement |
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| Reference cold temperature of Granier
saflow method |
Thermoelement |
|
| PAR
distribution within the canopy (8.3, 8.9, 9.5, 10.1, 10.7 m) |
168 PAR sensors attached
to a separate mast |
Not anymore |
|
| PAR
distribution within the canopy (ground level) |
PAR sensors on the portable
booms |
During the summer 2004, ' valoharava' |
|
| PAR
distribution within the canopy (ground level) |
Six
Li-Cor LI -190SZ quantum sensors on the stationary boom |
Began at 31.10.2004, ' maapar' |
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| VOC sampling for FMI |
Sampling twice a week with Tenax
tubes |
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| CATCHMENT AREA INSTRUMENTATION |
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| Soil CO2 exchange |
Closing cuvettes, teflon tubes
and gas analyzers |
3 cuvettes beginning at summer 2002 |
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| CO2 concentration in the ground (four dephts) |
Vaisala Carbocap GMP343 |
Started at 9.6.2004 |
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| Rain (2 m) (§) |
Vector ARG-100 tipping bucket
rain gauge |
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| Throughfall (summer) |
Throughfall gauge
(Rainer) + chemical analysis |
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| Snow collectors (winter) |
Bucket collector + chemical
analysis |
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| Snow depth (winter) |
At seven points |
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| Snow water content (winter) |
At seven points |
Started at winter 2004 |
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| Stemflow (summer) |
Sampling
with bottles |
Terminated at spring
2001, started again at summer 2003 |
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| Soil Temperature (depths of
0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 1, 1.3, 1.6 m) |
Thermistor
(Philips) |
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| Water potential (depths of
0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 1, 1.3, 1.6 m) |
Tensiometer (Transinstruments) |
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| Water content (seven depths) |
Time domain reflectometer
(Tektronix) |
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| Soil solution (seven depths) |
Lysimeters
(Prenart Equipment), + chemical analysis |
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| Amount of CO2, CH4 and N2O (seven depths) |
Sampling with subsequent
analysis |
Not during summer 2002 ? |
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| Heat capacity and conductivity
(0.8 m) |
Stainless
steel sonde |
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| Outflow from the area (summer) |
Flowmeters in two dams, +
chemical analysis |
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| Litter (0.7 m) |
Litter collectors |
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| Branch (litter) collectors |
On the ground |
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| AEROSOL INSTRUMENTATION |
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| Aerosol particle number size
distribution (Dp 3 - 1000 nm) |
Twin
Differential Mobility Particle Sizer (DMPS) with Condensation Particle
Counters |
Tranferred to a new location at 20.9.2004 |
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| Aerodynamic particle sizer |
TSI 3320 |
Began at spring 2004 |
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| Dekati PM 10 impactor |
> 10 um, 10 - 2.5 um, 2.5 - 1
um, < 1 um particle sizes |
Tranferred to a new location at 29.9.2004 |
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| Aethalometer |
Magee Scientific Company
Aethalometer |
Started at 8.12.2004 |
|
| Dekati ELPI |
0.03 - 10 um particle sizes, 12
channels |
Started at May 2005
|
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| Nephelometer |
TSI 3563 |
Started May 2006 |
| EMEP SAMPLING (FMI) |
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| Concentration of NH4+ and NH3 |
1-fraction filter sampler |
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| Concentration of NO3-, SO42-, HNO3, SO2 |
2-fraction filter sampler |
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| RADIATION MEASUREMENTS (FMI) |
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| Radon (0.5 m) |
Continuous filter sampling,
filters replaced weekly |
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| Ambient radiation (5 m) |
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| RADIOSPECTROMETER |
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| Solar radiation spectrum (280
- 580 nm wavelenght) |
Bentham radiospectrometer |
Began at spring 2001 |
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| REFLECTIONSPECTRUM |
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| Reflected spectrum of pine
needles (15 m height) (§) |
ASD FieldSpec HH spectrometer |
Not anymore, terminated at autumn 2004 |
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| SODAR |
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| Wind velocity profile |
Sound Detection and Ranging |
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