{"id":67,"date":"2024-02-20T08:06:39","date_gmt":"2024-02-20T08:06:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.atm.helsinki.fi\/globalsmear_wp\/?page_id=67"},"modified":"2024-04-22T06:45:27","modified_gmt":"2024-04-22T06:45:27","slug":"smear-flagship","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.atm.helsinki.fi\/globalsmear\/smear-flagship\/","title":{"rendered":"SMEAR Flagship"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The SMEAR II<\/a> is the flagship station of the SMEAR Concept with the longest and most comprehensive aerosol measurement series since 1995. SMEAR II carries out comprehensive measurements on land- atmosphere interactions 24\/7 on 1200 parameters and delivers data products based on the European Research Infrastructures ICOS, ACTRIS and eLTER standards.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Following continuous and long-term comprehensive observations of meteorological situations \/ urban boundary layer, local, ground level concentrations, and ecosystem functions are required from a station to be a SMEAR flagship station:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • temperature profiles in atmosphere and soil \u2028<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • aerosol concentrations \u2028<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • O3<\/sub> and NOx<\/sub> concentrations \u2028<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • global radiation, photosynthetically active radiation and net radiation \u2028<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • soil water content and tension \u2028<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • precipitation \u2028\u2028<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • leaf area and mass \u2028<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • amount of soil organic matter (annual) \u2028<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • mass of woody components (annual) \u2028<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • deposition of nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium, and H+ ions \u2028<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • CO2<\/sub>, H2<\/sub>O, heat and momentum fluxes between ecosystem and atmosphere \u2028<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • aerosol size distributions \u2028<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • profiles of CO2<\/sub>, O3<\/sub>, SO2<\/sub>, NO, NO2<\/sub>, and N2<\/sub>O in atmosphere and soil \u2028<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • focused campaigns to determine the dependences of processes on environmental factors\u2028\u2028<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • VOC (Volatile Orcanic Compounds) emissions from vegetation and soil<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • VOC profiles in atmosphere and soil<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>, NH3<\/sub> and CH4<\/sub> in the air<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • size distribution of ions in the air<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • cloud radar<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • PAR (Photosynthetically active radiation) distribution inside canopy<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • monitoring of spectral light distribution<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • monitoring of atmospheric turbulence<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • monitoring of nutrient, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potasium and calcium, and H+ concentrations in soil water<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • monitoring of water flow in wood<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • CO2<\/sub> and H2<\/sub>O fluxes between soil and atmosphere<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • use of stable isotopes in studies of processes, such as photosynthesis and decomposition of soil organic matter<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    The SMEAR II is the flagship station of the SMEAR Concept with the longest and most comprehensive aerosol measurement series […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-67","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.atm.helsinki.fi\/globalsmear\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.atm.helsinki.fi\/globalsmear\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.atm.helsinki.fi\/globalsmear\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.atm.helsinki.fi\/globalsmear\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.atm.helsinki.fi\/globalsmear\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=67"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.atm.helsinki.fi\/globalsmear\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":125,"href":"https:\/\/www.atm.helsinki.fi\/globalsmear\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67\/revisions\/125"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.atm.helsinki.fi\/globalsmear\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}