{"id":17,"date":"2023-11-29T09:14:03","date_gmt":"2023-11-29T09:14:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.atm.helsinki.fi\/smear_wp\/?page_id=17"},"modified":"2025-02-20T17:24:04","modified_gmt":"2025-02-20T17:24:04","slug":"smear-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.atm.helsinki.fi\/smear\/smear-1\/","title":{"rendered":"SMEAR I"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover has-parallax\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim\"><\/span><div role=\"img\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-129 has-parallax\" style=\"background-position:50% 50%;background-image:url(https:\/\/www.atm.helsinki.fi\/smear_wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/91998-smear_torni.png)\"><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-large-font-size\">Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The SMEAR I measuring station was set up in 1991 to measure the pollution fall-out<br>to Eastern Lapland from the mining industry in the Kola-peninsula in Russia. First<br>measurement concentrated on the SO2, but later other measurement were introduced.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>During the \u00b490s the measuring activity on the station has increased, together with the<br>SMEAR II station to cover photosynthesis, weather, gas and particle measurements in<br>addition to the air pollutants measurements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.atm.helsinki.fi\/pics\/monimet\/va_canopy.jpg\">Webcam (The Site from 15m Height)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Weather station<\/strong><br>The weather station records wind speed, direction, temperature and humidity on five<br>levels up to 15m. Radiation (PAR, global, reflected and net radiation) is measured at<br>the top level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Gas and particle measurement<\/strong><br>Air for gas analysers is sampled on four different levels from 1 to 8 meters above the<br>ground. CO2, SO2, O3 and NOx consentrations are recorded, as well as submicron<br>particle number concentrations (with a CNC).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Photosynthesis<\/strong><br>Up to four shoots in the stand surrounding the measuring station are closed in transparent measuring cuvettes,<br>that are periodically closed and the air within is sampled to find out CO2 uptake of<br>the shoot and thus photosynthetic activity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Irradiance measurements<\/strong><br>Ambient irradiance conditions are measured from the top of the weather station<br>tower. In addition, PAR sensors are used at every photosynthesis measurement<br>cuvette to couple with information of the local light climate at the cuvette.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.atm.helsinki.fi\/smear_wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/smeari_chamber.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A photo of a photosynthetic measuring cuvette.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The SMEAR I measuring station was set up in 1991 to measure the pollution fall-outto Eastern Lapland from the mining industry in the Kola-peninsula in Russia. Firstmeasurement concentrated on the SO2, but later other measurement were introduced. During the \u00b490s the measuring activity on the station has increased, together with theSMEAR II station to cover [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.atm.helsinki.fi\/smear\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.atm.helsinki.fi\/smear\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.atm.helsinki.fi\/smear\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.atm.helsinki.fi\/smear\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.atm.helsinki.fi\/smear\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.atm.helsinki.fi\/smear\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":193,"href":"https:\/\/www.atm.helsinki.fi\/smear\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17\/revisions\/193"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.atm.helsinki.fi\/smear\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}